April 24, 2010: We are pleased to announce that Version 4 of this course is now under development. For updates and an early peek at the content, please check out the Software Carpentry blog at http://www.software-carpentry.org/blog/.
$ in front of the row and/or column designation, as in
$C$4.
See also:
relative reference
^ matches the beginning of a line,
\b matches the break between word and non-word
characters, and $ matches the end of a line.
$@,
which holds the rule's target, and
$^, which holds its prerequisites. Automatic variables are
typically used in pattern rules.
0x12345678 is stored as [0x78, 0x45, 0x34, 0x12].
See also:
little-endian
C4:E5, for example, includes all the cells in the rectangle
bounded by C4 (upper left corner) and E5 (lower right corner).
"x".upper().center(5).
-v, or two dashes followed by a
word, such as --verbose, while DOS applications use a
slash, such as /V. Depending on the application, a flag
may be followed by a single argument, as in -o
/tmp/output.txt.
<<<<<<,
======, or >>>>>> put into a local
copy of a file by a version
control system to indicate where local changes overlap
with incompatible changes made by someone else. The version control system
will typically not allow the user to commit changes until all conflicts
have been resolved.
. (pronounced
"dot").
if statement whose conditional expression is always
false. Dead code often occurs when programmers modifying an
inherited program leave something in because they're not sure it's
safe to take out.
128.100.171.16, to
human-readable names, such as pyre.third-bit.com.
C:).
HOME (the user's home directory) and PWD (the
process's present working directory). Environment variables are
typically used to specify things that many applications may want
to know, or to provide default configuration values.
\t and \n are escape sequences
in normal Python strings that represent tab and newline characters
respectively; < and & are escape
sequences in HTML and XML that represents the less than sign and
ampersand.
.txt means "text file",
.png means "Portable Network Graphics file",
and so on. These conventions are not enforced by most
operating systems: it is perfectly possible to name an MP3 sound
file homepage.html. Since many applications use filename
extensions to identify the MIME
type of the file, misnaming files may cause those
applications to fail.
printf call to a
C program may move things around in memory so that the bug is no
longer triggered), but are much more common in concurrent programs.
+= that provides a shorthand
notation for the common case in which the variable being assigned
to is also an operand on the right hand side of the assignment.
The statement x += 3 means the same thing as x = x +
3.
i might be that the value of the
variable M is always greater than or equal to the values of
the array elements whose indices are less than i.
See also:
pre-condition
post-condition
0x12345678 is stored as [0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78].
See also:
big-endian
print statements to debug.
a,b = 2,3 sets a to 2 and b to
3, while a,b = b,a swaps those variables' values.
.png for a PNG-format
image).
+,
by overriding a specially-named
method. C++ and Python permit it; Java does not.
.. (pronounced "dot dot").
r, as in r"a\nb".
C4.
See also:
absolute reference
PATH environment-variable. On
Unix, entries are separated by ":", while on Windows,
they are separated by ";".
s[0], s[1], and so on
up to s[N-1], where N is the sequence's length.
.dll
files, and on Linux by .so files.
x is false, the computer does not call the function
f in the expression x and f(x). Similarly, if
x is true, f does not have to be called in x or
f(x).
--str-- method, Python
automatically calls it whenever it needs a text representation of
the object.
<x> and </x>; if
the element the tag pair represents does not contain text or other
elements, the short form <x/> may be used.
See also:
branch
& and ?) with their
hexadecimal encodings.
*.txt matches all files whose names end in .txt.